Articles Posted in Divorce

Divorce resets more than your day-to-day life. It also rewrites who inherits your money if you die tomorrow. In Texas, beneficiary designations on life insurance, retirement plans, and bank accounts often control who gets paid—sometimes even over your will. You can protect yourself by reviewing every designation and aligning it with your new estate plan.

Why Designations Beat Your Will

When you die, insurers and plan administrators pay whoever is listed on the beneficiary form. They do not read your will first, and they do not guess what you meant. If your ex-spouse still appears on a policy, a payout can slip away from your children or your trust. Texas law revokes some ex-spouse designations automatically, but exceptions and federal plans complicate that rule. Treat each form as if it were a mini-contract that needs a fresh signature.

Prioritize the Big-Ticket Accounts

Start with life insurance, 401(k)s, IRAs, and brokerage accounts, then move to payable-on-death (POD) and transfer-on-death (TOD) designations on bank and investment accounts. Update beneficiary elections for health-savings accounts and deferred compensation, too. For employer plans governed by ERISA, the plan’s rules control; you may need spousal consent if you remarry. Create a checklist and mark each account as you update it so nothing slips through the cracks.

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When you go through a divorce, does your estate plan automatically update to remove your ex-spouse? Or are there steps you need to take to make sure everything is in line with your wishes? At McCulloch & Miller, we consistently tell our clients that they should update their estate plans every three to five years, or, in the alternative, after every major life event. A divorce certainly qualifies as a major life event, and it requires each individual to review their estate plan so that they can make any necessary changes post-divorce.

Automatic Revocation in Texas

In Texas, unlike in some other states, a divorce automatically removes your ex-spouse as a beneficiary in your estate plan. This means that if you had your spouse as an inheritor of your assets, your accounts, your life insurance policy, or your real estate, that person will no longer have any rights to your assets when you die. If you do want your ex-spouse to continue to be a beneficiary to your estate, you will need to explicitly state that in your will after your divorce.

It is therefore necessary, after a divorce, to name a new person or group of people who will inherit from your estate. You might also need to change your power of attorney from your ex-spouse to another person. These amendments are important; because Texas is an automatic revocation state (meaning your ex-spouse is automatically removed from your estate plan when you divorce), it is up to you to fill in the gap that is left behind.

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When a couple gets divorced, there are financial matters that need to be dealt with – in the absence of a settlement agreement, the family court must divide up the couple’s property in a way that is fair to both parties. Sometimes, this division can be tricky, especially if the marriage has been long and each person’s funds are comingled with the other person’s funds. Ultimately, the court focuses largely on marital v. non-marital property when making this calculus during a couple’s divorce.

Marital v. Non-Marital Property

In dividing a couple’s assets, the court looks at which property is marital, or community, property, and which property is non-marital, or individual, property. Each person’s income earned during the marriage, for example, is considered marital property. Importantly, the court will only divide up property that is marital.

Typically, an inheritance or gift is non-marital property. This means that if you have inherited money from your loved ones and you find yourself in the midst of a divorce, that gift will still likely be yours and yours alone. Of course, there are complicating factors to consider.

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At McCulloch & Miller, we always advise our clients to begin their estate planning processes on the early side. The reality for many clients, however, is that life circumstances change as time goes on, which is why it is important to update your estate plan as you experience significant shifts in your life. Importantly, divorce can have implications for those who have already laid out their estate plans. If you have gone through a divorce, it is important that you speak with an estate planning attorney as soon as possible so that you can make sure your affairs are in order.

How Does Divorce Change My Estate Plans?

If you have named your spouse as the main beneficiary in your estate, he or she will likely remain the beneficiary until you actively make a change in your estate plan. Thus, even if you get divorced and no longer want your ex-spouse to be named in your will, you cannot just assume that divorcing that person will remove him or her from your estate plan. You must update your estate plan to specify which assets, if any, you would like to leave for your former spouse.

How Do I Update My Estate Plans?

To update your estate plans after a divorce, there are several things to keep in mind. First, you will want to consider revoking your previous will so that no one questions whether or not it still stands after your death. By revoking the will entirely, you can leave no room for doubt that your wishes are encapsulated in your new estate planning document.

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A divorce is no doubt a challenging time in the lives of all who go through one. Even for the amicable splits, the time spent doing paperwork and discussing the best division of assets can be draining. Unfortunately, the issuance of a divorce decree or separation agreement is not the end of the journey. You will need to make changes to your estate plan to reflect your new circumstances and avoid regret down the road.

Do not think that changing your will is the only update you will need to make. After a divorce, any document may include your former spouse as a beneficiary. Pay special attention to your will, of course, but also consider your living trust and power of attorney documents. Also, be sure to update any life insurance policies or transfer-on-death provisions as well.

Updating Your Documents

If you’ve been through a divorce, consider revising your old will by executing a new one and destroying the old one. This will work to revoke the old will. Provisions that may need rewriting include arranging for any property previously designated for your spouse to go to an alternate beneficiary, updating the executor of your estate if it was previously your spouse, and designating a guardian of your children. Even though in all likelihood your spouse will be awarded custody of your children in the event of your death, if your wishes are for your children to live with another guardian, you should still include that language in your will.

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Divorces are often emotionally difficult and draining—big life changes are occurring, which are stressful enough on their own. But when people are going through this process, often the last thing on their mind is updating their estate plan. However, estate planning nightmares may occur if individuals do not update their estate plans after a divorce. Former spouses and stepchildren may be able to take advantage of the estate plan if it is not changed—regardless of the person’s intentions. Below is information and advice for newly divorced Texans, explaining why updating their estate plan as soon as possible is essential.

Why Do I Need to Update My Estate Plan After My Divorce?

Estate planning may not seem like a top priority after a divorce. However, this is incorrect. While former spouses no longer have certain benefits from an estate plan—even if the estate plan is not changed—there are some designations that are not automatically revoked unless the estate plan is actively changed. For example, in Texas, unless a person actively removes their former spouse from their life insurance policy, the ex-spouse can still stand to receive the policy benefit if the individual passes away.

Creating an estate plan is an important task when thinking about the future. However, there are often mistakes that can be made if these documents are created without the assistance of an estate planning attorney. Some of these most common errors include unintentionally leaving assets to former partners or spouses after divorce or separation. There are ways to avoid these common estate planning mistakes and ensure ex-spouses are not inheriting the other person’s money. Below is advice on how to make sure assets are untangled from an estate planning perspective after a divorce—along with how professionals can assist in creating an estate plan that works for each person and their situation.

Mistakes that Allow Ex-Spouses to Inherit from an Estate Plan

Most individuals do not intend to leave their former spouses any of their assets when they pass away. However, many people are unintentionally doing so by not changing their estate plans after their divorce. People who do their research may recognize that state laws, including Texas, usually say that former spouses lose all property rights to each other’s assets. But since pensions and retirement funds are governed by federal law, these state laws may not apply.

When going through a divorce, there are many complex emotions. And of all the tasks a person must accomplish during this process, updating their estate plan is often not the first thing on the list. However, it is critically important for recently divorced people to speak with an estate planning attorney and determine the appropriate changes that should be made. Below are explanations about how divorce can affect an estate plan and what people should do and change when going through this situation.

Changing the Will

In most situations, recently divorced individuals will have to change their will because their now ex-spouse was a primary beneficiary—meaning, they were set to receive most of the assets and property owned by the individual when they pass away. While most people assume they should only change the portions of the will that mention the ex-spouse, most estate planning attorneys recommend revoking the will and drafting a new one instead. Otherwise, making a series of slight revisions to the current document will often be more expensive and time-consuming than just creating a new will altogether.