Estate Planning

How is an Inheritance Affected by Divorce in Texas?

Published on: December 14, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

When a couple gets divorced, there are financial matters that need to be dealt with – in the absence of a settlement agreement, the family court must divide up the couple’s property in a way that is fair to both parties. Sometimes, this division can be tricky, especially if the marriage has been long and each person’s funds are comingled with the other person’s funds. Ultimately, the court focuses largely on marital v. non-marital property when making this calculus during a couple’s divorce.

Marital v. Non-Marital Property

In dividing a couple’s assets, the court looks at which property is marital, or community, property, and which property is non-marital, or individual, property. Each person’s income earned during the marriage, for example, is considered marital property. Importantly, the court will only divide up property that is marital.

Typically, an inheritance or gift is non-marital property. This means that if you have inherited money from your loved ones and you find yourself in the midst of a divorce, that gift will still likely be yours and yours alone. Of course, there are complicating factors to consider.

Can You Sell Property During Probate in Texas?

Published on: December 11, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

Clients sometimes ask us about how they can go about selling property during probate proceedings – is it even possible? What does it entail? In short, the answer is yes: you can sell property during probate. As always, however, the long answer is a bit more complicated, as it involves several important steps that are not to be missed.

If a piece of property is tied up in probate, and the descendent had a valid will, there will be an executor of the estate that would be responsible for selling the house. This executor must first get the consent of all of the will’s beneficiaries – without this consent, he or she cannot move forward with the sale.

Once the house is for sale, the executor, real estate agent, or any other interested party must keep in mind several important requirements:

The executor must a) file notice of the sale with the court and b) mail the notice to all heirs under the will.
The home cannot sell for less than 90% of the home’s appraised value. This, of course, means that the home will need to be appraised prior to the sale.
The buyer is required to put down a deposit of at least 10% if his or her offer is accepted.
The executor must provide at least 15 days for anyone (heirs, claimants, etc.) to challenge the sale.

If the sale does not abide by the terms above, the probate court can decide that the sale is invalid. If it does meet the requirements, the court will likely approve the sale through a hearing, which takes place approximately a month after the sale.

What Should You Bring When You Meet with Your Estate Planning Attorney?

Published on: December 2, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

If you are preparing for an initial meeting with an estate planning attorney, you are taking a great first step that will help protect your loved ones down the road. If it is your first meeting, though, you might have questions about what the meeting will entail or what you should do to prepare. On today’s blog, we walk you through what you should bring when you meet with an estate planning attorney, so that you can be as prepared as possible and get the most out of your time together.

Financial Documents

The first and most important set of documents to bring is your set of financial documents. These include mortgage documents, car titles, tax returns, and rental agreements. While you don’t have to necessarily bring bank account statements, you should have a good idea of where those accounts stand so that you can provide that information to the attorney. Many firms, including McCulloch & Miller, will send you a family document checklist that you can use to begin organizing these financial documents before you come in for your meeting.

Non-Financial Documents

This second category of documents is also important. If you have papers relating to a divorce, a marriage, an adoption, or a custody case, these can be critical for the estate planning attorney to keep in mind. Additionally, if you have done any type of estate planning in the past, bringing those documents will be helpful for your estate planning attorney to see.

What is an Application to Determine Heirship in Texas?

Published on: November 30, 2023 | By David W. Miller

At times, navigating probate is a relatively straightforward process. Other times, though, the process can be messy – especially when it is unclear who an individual’s heirs are and who should receive the individual’s property. In today’s blog post, we discuss one way to navigate this issue – namely, by filing an application to determine heirship.

Importantly, an application to determine heirship always involves the probate court, and it always involves a hearing before the court. The purpose of the hearing is to determine who, exactly, should receive a decedent’s property. The hearing can take place either when a decedent’s estate has not been administered (as long as there is some property in Texas) or when property in Texas was left out of a decedent’s will.

What Happens During the Hearing?

When this kind of hearing takes place, the court begins by figuring out if the property at issue is separate property, meaning the decedent was the sole owner, or community property, meaning there were others involved. Once it has made this determination, the court looks at the Texas Estates Code to determine who should inherit the property.

Are Adopted Children Entitled to Inherit Under a Texas Will?

Published on: November 22, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

For parents that have adopted children, it is important to understand how the law understands adopted children to be part of their families. In the estate planning process, our clients that have adopted children often want to make sure that their kids are well taken care of after their passing. Today, we cover whether adopted children are able to inherit once their parents die.

Under the law in Texas (specifically, Texas Estates Code Section 201.054), adopted children are considered the children of their adopted parents. Therefore, even if a child is adopted, that child inherits as if he or she were the biological child of his or her parents. This comports with adoption laws nationwide, which generally consider an adoptive child to have the exact same rights and privileges as a biological child.

Importantly, this section applies to children adopted through formal procedures; thus, if you have “informally” adopted a child, or if you consider a child to be like your adopted child, this section will not apply to you. The State of Texas must recognize the familial relationship in order for this provision to treat you and your adopted children as though you are biologically related. Understanding this is crucial to avoid one of the more common estate planning mistake among adoptive families.

Can a Small Estate Affidavit Eliminate the Need for Probate?

Published on: November 15, 2023 | By David W. Miller

woman retirement risks and estate planning

In Texas, it is a general requirement that a decedent’s estate plan must go through probate before beneficiaries inherit the property, assets, or debts that their loved one left behind. There are ways to avoid probate, however – some of which we have focused on in this blog. Avoiding probate is an important goal for many families, because probate can be both costly and time-consuming. For those Texans whose estates qualify as a “small estate”, the probate process can be greatly simplified, saving everyone time, money, and resources during a difficult time.

What is a Small Estate Affidavit?

In Texas, there are several requirements that an individual must meet before filing a small estate affidavit. The person’s assets, first and foremost, must add up to $75,000 or less (not including certain exempt property). The person must have died without a will, and the person’s assets must be greater than his or her debts. A court must approve a person’s small estate affidavit after he or she files it, allowing the court to review the forms and make sure everything is above board.

What Are the Benefits of Filing a Small Estate Affidavit?

If you file a small estate affidavit, you essentially communicate to the probate court that the estate in question does not need to go through all of the steps that other, perhaps more complex, estates must go through. Once you file, you may or may not have to appear in probate court for a hearing. Some counties will approve the affidavit without a hearing, and others will require the filer to come in and speak with the judge.

Estate Planning for Young Professionals: What You Need to Know

Published on: October 30, 2023 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

Estate planning is an essential part of any adult’s financial future. A common misconception, however, is that estate planning is only for older individuals. In reality, it is a process that all adults, no matter their age, should consider. At McCulloch & Miller, we speak to many young professionals that want to develop a plan for their assets and their debts; our biggest piece of advice for these clients is that they get started on their own estate planning journeys as soon as they possibly can.

Reasons to Begin Estate Planning

Young professionals might think that since they have not yet built up the assets they hope to acquire as older adults, they do not have any reason to develop an estate plan. However, generating an income, starting a family, purchasing a home, and acquiring debt are all reasons to speak with an attorney to start putting together an estate plan.

What You Need to Know About Probating a Will in Texas

Published on: October 30, 2023 | By David W. Miller

There is so much about probating a will that can be difficult to figure out, and without the right information at your fingertips, it can be easy to let parts of the process fall through the cracks. If you have a loved one that has recently passed and you need to make sure his or her will goes through probate, you want to make sure you leave no stone uncovered. By working diligently, you can finish up probate as efficiently and thoroughly as possible, enabling yourself to move forward with your life after the process is complete.

How Do I Begin Probating a Will?

If your loved one has passed, and that person did leave a will, the first thing you will have to do is file an application for probate with the court. Importantly, there are different probate courts in Texas, and you will want to make sure you file the application with the court in your area (i.e., your jurisdiction). As a general rule, loved ones have four years from a decedent’s death to file an application for probate.

What Will the Probate Court Require Before Approving a Will?

The probate court will first require you to wait for a period of time so that it can provide notice to anyone who might think he or she has a right to the decedent’s assets. After this period of time (typically two weeks), the court will hold a hearing. At this hearing, the judge will decide whether the decedent’s will is valid.

Estate Planning for Art Collectors in Texas

Published on: October 23, 2023 | By David W. Miller

For those of our clients who own and collect art, their pieces are a source of pride, joy, and shared history. When these same clients go to draft their estate plans, we always advise them to include specific provisions regarding their art, so that they can ensure their collection is well-protected after their passing. To better understand how to handle your art as part of your estate plan, keep the following tips and information in mind.

Why Should I Include My Art in My Estate Plan?

Many individuals view their art differently than their other assets, in that they have a personal connection to many of their pieces. Compared to assets like a vehicle, electronics, or even real estate, art can hold a unique place in a person’s life. When not included in an estate plan, a decedent’s art collection is typically distributed to the person’s “residual beneficiaries,” or those that receive the property not specifically left to another designated beneficiary.
Your artwork could thus go to a broad category of people if you do not stipulate otherwise – for example, it might go to your grandchildren or your nieces and nephews. When there are individual art pieces to sort through, it can be difficult for these groups of beneficiaries to decide who gets which piece. To avoid this conflict, you should include in your will a provision about which individual will receive which specific piece of art.

Details to Keep in Mind

If you are adding your art collection to your will, the first thing you will want to remember is to describe each piece in enough detail for your beneficiaries to identify it easily. By including the Getty Object ID as well as thoughtful descriptors, you can ensure nothing gets lost in the shuffle after your passing.

Planning for Incapacity in Texas: How to Prepare for the Unexpected

Published on: October 19, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

At McCulloch & Miller, we know all too well that the best strategy in estate planning and elder law is, without a doubt, planning ahead. One of the biggest difficulties that adults in Texas face is figuring out how to overcome legal barriers that could have been avoided with proper preparation. Specifically, planning for eventual incapacity can be helpful when thinking about what is best for you and your family in the future.

What is the Definition of “Incapacity” in Texas?

Under the law in Texas, a person is incapacitated when he or she is either a minor or an adult who is unable to provide for his or her basic needs, physical health, or financial affairs. Oftentimes, to meet this definition, the individual’s treating physician must sign a notarized document that confirms the patient is incapacitated.

How Do I Plan for Incapacity?

Of course, we can never know if or when we will become incapacitated. In order to prepare and have a plan in place just in case of the worst, many of our clients elect to appoint a power of attorney. This individual is someone who can make decisions on the incapacitated person’s behalf, whether those decisions revolve around finances or medical decisions.