Houston Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorney Blog

Trust Terms Everyone Should Know

Published on: January 19, 2024 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

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Are you delving into the world of trusts and finding yourself unsure of where to start? A common stumbling block for those looking to learn about trusts (or estate planning more generally) is the legal language that comes up in the process. Today, we review some key trust terms that everyone should know, so that you can move forward in your estate planning process with a solid foundation under your belt.

People Involved in a Trust

The trustee: a trustee is in charge of overseeing the assets in the trust. Many people appoint a family member or friend as their trustee, but you can also hire an outside party to oversee your trust.

The beneficiary: a trust’s beneficiary is the person (or group of persons) receiving assets from the trust. Parents, for example, may create a trust for their children – the children then qualify as the beneficiaries.

The settlor: the settlor transfers his or her asset into the trust, which in turn creates the trust.

What Happens if Someone Dies with Two (or More) Wills in Texas?

Published on: January 19, 2024 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

In our blog posts in the past, we have reviewed the process of creating, probating, and enforcing a will. In many cases, this process is straightforward, but there are times when complicated factors sneak in. For example: what happens if a person dies with two wills? Which will serve as the controlling document? And how do you navigate this issue if you are going through the probate process?

Who Decides Which Will is the Valid Will?

In short, the probate judge is the person who will determine which will is valid when a decedent leaves behind more than one will. Sometimes, the most important factor in the judge’s decision will be the timing of the will – that is, the will that was created most recently will be the controlling will.

Which Assets Must Go Through the Probate Process in Texas?

Published on: January 19, 2024 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

It is safe to say that no one looks forward to navigating the probate process – it can be daunting for those that have lost loved ones and are just trying to get the decedent’s affairs in order. At McCulloch & Miller, part of our goal is to demystify the probate process for clients and potential clients, to help them feel like they have a better grip on what might happen through their interactions with the courts. Today, we cover which assets must go through the probate process, as well as which assets typically are exempt.

Probate Assets

Any real property typically goes through probate in Texas – this, notably, is a broad category of assets that includes real estate, money in non-exempt bank accounts, pieces of land, vehicles, and other important objects or possessions. The probate court’s job is to interpret the decedent’s estate planning documents and determine how these assets should be divided up. In the absence of a will, the court will divide the assets up according to intestate laws in Texas, which tell the court the specific family members that are entitled to receive the decedent’s property.

What if an Executor Does Not Start Probate?

Published on: January 19, 2024 | By David W. Miller

In an ideal world, probate would go smoothly in every case, and a decedent’s loved ones would always be confident that their inheritance is being handled professionally and well. In reality, however, there can be problems that come up during probate. One such problem, which is rare but severe when it does happen, is when an executor fails to initiate the probate process. On today’s blog, we cover some of the implications of this failure, as well as a few options available to those who have found themselves in this unfortunate situation.

One of the first (and perhaps most obvious) issues that arises from an executor failing to start probate is that the decedent’s assets do not transfer to his or her heirs. Through probate, a court decides that an individual’s will is valid, and the court authorizes the distribution of the decedent’s assets to his or her beneficiaries. Without this process, the assets get stuck, and the heirs are unable to receive their share of the estate.

Similarly, debts fail to get resolved if an executor does not start probate. This means that debtors can still pursue the decedent’s money and property, even going so far as to sue those with access to the decedent’s assets. A decedent’s estate will also continue to be responsible for recurring payments, such as property taxes, if probate has not begun. These costs can add up over time, taking away from the inheritance that beneficiaries will eventually receive once probate does get underway.

What Happens to Your Firearms in Texas After You Die?

Published on: January 12, 2024 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

If you or a loved one own a firearm, you have hopefully started to think through what would happen to that firearm in the event of your death. In Texas, there are several considerations to keep in mind when planning for your firearms long term, and today’s blog post is intended to serve as a first step in helping you figure out how to make your plans a reality.

Passing a Firearm Through a Will

The most logical way to pass a firearm to a loved one is to include a provision in your will or estate plan. There are several complications to keep in mind. First of all, your intended beneficiary must be legally able to own a gun. If that person is prohibited from being listed on a gun registry or has any other restriction in place regarding possible firearm ownership, your estate executor will run into significant problems trying to pass the gun to the beneficiary after your death.

The estate executor himself must also be legally able to own a gun. Sometimes, this involves having a federal firearms license. Check with your estate executor and see if there are any possible impediments to his gun ownership – if there are, you are better off addressing those now than down the road, when time is of the essence.

Can a Beneficiary Inherit a Gift if They Received it During the Testator’s Lifetime?

Published on: January 10, 2024 | By David W. Miller

Many of our clients are parents or grandparents hoping to set up their heirs for financial success in the long term. One strategy that these clients use is the lifetime gift, which allows individuals to give money while still alive instead of through their estate plans. What are the implications, though, of this lifetime gift for a person’s estate planning documents? In today’s blog, we cover the overlap between these two types of gifts.

What is the Lifetime Gift Limit?

The government permits individuals to give financial gifts of a certain amount to beneficiaries of their choosing without facing tax consequences – this means the individuals can give money away while they are still alive without having to pay the federal gift tax. In 2024, the annual federal gift tax exclusion amount is $18,000 per person and $36,000 for married couple. This kind of gift allows individuals to give money away in increments over the course of their lives, perhaps to their children or their grandchildren.

Does the Lifetime Gift Prohibit Beneficiaries from Inheriting in a Will?

If a son, daughter, or grandchild inherits over the course of the parent or grandparent’s lifetime, he or she can still inherit at the parent or grandparent’s death. Importantly, however, if the estate documents are clear that the lifetime gift was intended to replace the will, trust, or estate document’s provision for a gift, the probate court will likely rule that the beneficiary cannot receive both gifts.

Who Will Inherit Your Digital Footprint in Texas?

Published on: December 27, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

Who Will Inherit Your Digital Footprint in Texas?

In 2024, the question of a decedent’s digital footprint is more relevant than ever. A digital footprint includes (but is not limited to) a person’s emails, texts, social media accounts, credit card accounts, cell phone data, and photographs – essentially, a digital footprint includes a wide array of personal information. As more questions arise about what will happen to this footprint upon an individual’s death, we look to Texas legislation, which has provided promising signs of progress.

Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Access Act

In 2017, Texas enacted an Act, the Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Access Act (sometimes referred to as “RUFADAA”), that dictates how an estate’s executor is able to access a decedent’s digital assets. Essentially, as long as the executor has valid legal authority and complies with each account’s terms of service, that executor can access the digital assets in question. There are certain restrictions under the Act – for example, it generally keeps the executor from accessing the decedent’s emails, texts, and social media accounts.

Probate and Family Feuds: How to Avoid Conflict

Published on: December 27, 2023 | By David W. Miller

Estate planning in Texas can be a stressful process, no matter the circumstances surrounding it. When there is possible familial conflict, however, estate planning and probate can become even more tenuous for everyone involved. To avoid family feuds, we at McCulloch & Miller recommend a few strategies that can help steer your loved ones clear of frustrating fights and emotionally charged conversations.

Plan Ahead

The biggest piece of advice we can give you in order to keep everything (and everyone) at peace is to plan ahead. By drafting your estate plans early and by making sure everything is set in stone as soon as possible, your family can grow accustomed to the preferences you articulate in those documents. Unfortunately, the alternative is that loved ones will be caught by surprise, which rarely goes over well.

Set a Family Meeting

Once you have finalized your estate planning documents, set a meeting with your family so that everyone can understand how you have organized your assets. Make sure your loved ones feel included by asking them if they have questions or if they need any additional information. By communicating clearly throughout the process, you can make sure to do everything in your power to help your family avoid a high-stress situation down the road.

Probate and Incompetence: What Texas Residents Need to Know

Published on: December 19, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

Ideally, any individual drafting a will would be able to make decisions for him or herself. In reality, however, at times, there are competence issues, meaning that when a person is mentally incompetent or incapacitated, others might challenge that person’s will or estate plans down the line. In today’s blog, we cover the most important things you need to know about probate and incompetence, walking you through some of the steps that a Texas probate court might require in order to prove a decedent’s incompetence.

What is Incompetence?

In Texas, a person is deemed “incompetent” in the legal sense if he or she does not have sufficient mental ability to understand that he or she is making a will. If that person does not understand the will’s possible effects and/or know which people will inherit through the will, he or she might be deemed incompetent.

Courts rely on witnesses to speak about a person’s capacity, and courts generally want to hear about the person’s capacity on the day the will was written. If, for example, a decedent was mentally stable on the day of the will’s execution but mentally unstable from the next day onward, the court will only consider the day when he or she actually made pertinent decisions about the will.

What is a Pour-Over Will in Texas?

Published on: December 19, 2023 | By David W. Miller

As we have discussed on our blog in the past, there are plenty of tools available to Texans working on finding an estate planning strategy that works for them. Different kinds of trusts, wills, and gifts allow decedents to make sure their assets are protected in a way that benefits them and their loved ones. Today, we discuss the pour-over will as one possible tool to use in your estate planning process.

Pour-Over Will, Defined

In Texas, a pour-over will is a type of estate planning document that specifically stipulates that any assets not included in a decedent’s trust should be automatically transferred to the trust when he or she dies. Essentially, if a decedent has elected to organize his or her assets in the form of a trust, and if some assets slip through the cracks during the planning process, the pour-over will ensure that these assets will go directly into the individual’s trust upon death.

Benefits of the Pour-Over Will

A pour-over will represents a clear way to make sure all of your assets are covered in your estate plans. The pour-over will can also give you peace of mind, knowing that even if you fail to include any assets in your trust, you and your heirs are covered. Particularly if and when you have a complicated estate, this peace of mind can be invaluable.