Houston Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorney Blog

Should I Put My Children in Charge of Everything as I Age?

Published on: September 22, 2023 | By David W. Miller

Should I Put My Children in Charge of Everything as I Age?

As parents grow older, it is natural for families to experience a shift as children begin taking on more of a caretaking role. This shift can be a delicate process, and we have many clients come to us, asking whether it is wise to put their children in charge of their finances, estate, and affairs as they age. Today, we talk through some of the intricacies of this approach, recognizing that a different strategy will likely work for every family.

Power of Attorney

One way in which many parents give their children more responsibility is by making them “power of attorney,” authorizing their children to make decisions on their behalf. In Texas, a power of attorney can only act on behalf of an individual when explicitly authorized to do so.

Financially speaking, a power of attorney can manage a person’s business dealings if the individual wants someone else to take care of these dealings for them. In contrast, a medical power of attorney only becomes effective when an individual becomes incapacitated, allowing the power of attorney to make medical decisions in the individual’s best interest. Texas also offers the option of appointing a “limited power of attorney,” which allows individuals to appoint a power of attorney for one particular action, like purchasing a vehicle or handling tax-related matters.

Why Now Is a Good Time to Start Thinking About Estate Planning

Published on: September 15, 2023 | By David W. Miller

At McCulloch & Miller, we often speak with clients who struggle to find the motivation to begin their estate planning processes. Once we make clear to these clients just how important estate planning can be in Texas, their interest grows in getting started as soon as possible. With so much on the line, we try to emphasize to our clients that estate planning does not have to be difficult but that it is still an extremely important process that deserves their full attention.

What Is Estate Planning?

Importantly, estate planning is not only the process of creating a will. Estate planning allows you to protect your property and ensure that your assets are distributed exactly as you want them to be distributed in the event of your death. Estate planning can include drafting wills, establishing trusts, naming beneficiaries, and designating a power of attorney in case of incapacitation. Estate planning can also help you figure out how to save money on taxes, which benefits you in the present as well as your loved ones in the future.

What Happens Without an Estate Plan?

In Texas, when a person dies, his or her loved ones must go through the probate process so that a court can determine how to divide up his or her assets. Without estate planning documents on hand, this process can be costly, drawn out, and draining. The lack of a solid estate plan can also lead to high levels of tension among family members while the court tries to determine how to divide the decedent’s money and property.

A Closer Look at Inheritance Laws in Texas and How They Might Affect You

Published on: September 15, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

As many of our clients can tell you, estate planning in Texas is different than estate planning in any other state. Every state has its own laws and way of doing things, and it is important to understand your state’s policies as you undergo your own estate planning process. As experts in estate planning at McCulloch & Miller, we understand the system in Texas and its implications for our clients. Below, we review several state-specific estate-planning laws that could be helpful for you.

The Intestate Succession Process

In Texas, those who die without a will are generally subject to the intestate succession process. Essentially, this means that the court will divvy the individual’s money and property to the decedent’s closest family members. In our state, this means that the spouse inherits first. If there is no spouse, priority goes to the children. If there are no children, priority goes to the parents, then to the siblings. If none of these relatives have survived the decedent, the assets will go to the next of kin, whoever that might be.

Community Property

If you purchased property with your spouse during your marriage, that property is considered “community property.” It will therefore go to your spouse upon your death. Property that you inherited (as opposed to having been acquired with your spouse) is often an exception to this rule.

The importance of Understanding All Tax Implications When Estate Planning

Published on: September 14, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

One of the most frustrating aspects of estate planning can be having to pay out a percentage of assets to the government or to others who have a claim on your estate. In Texas, tax implications depend on the estate strategy that you choose. Today, we review some of the tax implications of estate planning with an eye toward minimizing tax liability.

What is an Estate Tax?

Texas is one of 38 states that does not require residents to pay an estate tax. In states without this benefit, an individual’s estate will have to pay a certain percentage of their assets to the state government upon that person’s death. This is good news: by living in Texas, you already avoid a tax that residents of some other states will have to pay.

Texans do, however, still pay a federal estate tax. This kind of tax can be generally broken up into three different taxes: the estate tax, the gift tax, and the generation-skipping transfer tax.

What is a “Laughing Heir”?

Published on: September 8, 2023 | By David W. Miller

Finding out you are the beneficiary in a decedent’s will can be a small dose of good news in the midst of experiencing grief and in the process of adjusting to life without your loved one. Sometimes, though, a decedent’s beneficiaries are not negatively affected by the death of the person that leaves assets to their name. In this case, the law calls this particular kind of beneficiary a “laughing heir.”

A laughing heir is a beneficiary who was distantly related to the decedent and likely has very little reason to be saddened by that person’s death. If a decedent leaves behind no spouse, children, siblings, or parents, for example, he or she might have chosen to give their assets to a relative that he or she did not know very well.

If the decedent died without a will or estate plan, the probate court might divide his or her assets using the law of intestacy – this essentially means that the decedent’s closest living relatives will inherit his or her assets. When the closest living relatives are distant relatives, those relatives might be considered laughing heirs.

Protecting Estate Assets from a Child with Poor Money Management Skills

Published on: August 31, 2023 | By David W. Miller

As you go about your estate planning process, you will necessarily think about who you want to be the beneficiary or beneficiaries of your assets. If you are leaving behind money for your children, you have worked hard to earn that money and keep it safe for future generations in your family. If you have a child with poor money management skills, then you might be worried that the money will be spent frivolously. In this blog post, we go over a few ways you can protect estate assets from heirs who might be at risk for depleting assets you leave behind.

Option One: Spendthrift Provisions

One solution to the problem of untrustworthy beneficiaries is creating a trust with a “spendthrift provision.” This kind of provision essentially puts limits on how a beneficiary can use the money he or she inherits in a trust. For example, you can explicitly state that you only want a beneficiary to benefit from a trust if he or she is gainfully employed. You can write that the money is only to be used for specific purposes, such as rent, utilities, or car payments. You can also give restricted deposits so that the beneficiary does not receive too much money from a given payment.

Setting up spendthrift provisions requires specificity in order to eliminate the risk that the provision can be interpreted in ways that are different from how you intended. Contacting a qualified attorney to help create your spendthrift provision is always a good idea.

How Prenups Affect Estate Plans in Texas

Published on: August 27, 2023 | By David W. Miller

Having discussions with a romantic partner about a prenuptial agreement can be tough. The reality is, however, that marrying someone is, in part, a financial commitment. When talking through a possible prenup with your future spouse, it can be helpful to understand how the agreement might affect each person’s estate plan going forward. Even if you and your partner ultimately decide not to get a prenup, talking through the pros and cons can help you start to have important financial conversations that can prepare you for your future together.

What is a Prenup?

A prenup is shorthand for a prenuptial agreement. By definition, a prenup is a document that you sign with your future spouse that lays out how you would like your property to be distributed in the event of a divorce or death. Absent a prenup, a court could divide your and your spouse’s assets in a way that is not in line with either of your preferences. The court could have you pay alimony in the form of a regular payment or a lump sum, or it could determine that you are on the hook for debt that your spouse has taken on during your marriage.

Divorces can be messy and complicated, and signing a prenup before marriage allows you to bypass some of that complication in case of the worst. Importantly, you cannot prenup around child custody or child support, so those factors will always be left somewhat up to chance in the event of a divorce.

How Long Does Probate Take in Texas?

Published on: August 23, 2023 | By Thomas W. McCulloch

It is common to feel frustrated by the probate process, especially because it often comes at a time when families are already dealing with intense grief and high tensions. Unfortunately, going through probate means that certain elements are outside of your control, and one of those elements is how long the probate process takes.

As we have covered previously on our blog, probate is the process by which a court settles the estate of a decedent. The court generally reviews the decedent’s will or estate documents, validates those documents, settles any possible disagreements, and makes sure the decedent’s assets are then distributed to her or his beneficiaries.

The amount of time that probate takes depends on a variety of factors. We rarely see cases in which probating a will takes more than one year, although of course, there are always exceptions. If a person’s estate is more complicated, it will take more time to move through probate; for example, if the decedent had significant assets or debts, the court might take longer to review the decedent’s will.

Ways of Resolving Estate Disputes in Texas

Published on: August 20, 2023 | By David W. Miller

Unfortunately, when a loved one leaves behind friends and family members, he or she also leaves behind the possibility that there will be disagreements about how to distribute his or her assets. Even when a decedent writes a will or other detailed estate plan, beneficiaries can often disagree about how to interpret the documents or how the money and property should be dispersed. On today’s blog, we talk about ways of resolving estate disputes, which tend to come up when beneficiaries don’t all agree about how to effectuate a loved one’s will.

If you and other possible beneficiaries of a will have found yourselves disagreeing about how to interpret a loved one’s will, the first thing you can do is try to resolve the dispute outside of court. You could, for example, hire a mediator that could hold sessions for the group and try to get everyone to a place where they agree. Sometimes, individuals that wish to contest the contents or interpretation of a will can be persuaded not to pursue their claims simply through the mediation process.

If the group is still at an impasse, any individual that wants to challenge a will can file a lawsuit with the probate court. Any challenges must be filed within two years of the will being admitted to the probate court. Importantly, only those with something called “standing” are legally able to challenge a will; essentially, this means that a party contesting a will must be either the decedent’s spouse, family member, or creditor. Those without any real grounds to file the lawsuit will generally not be heard by the probate court.

What Is the Difference Between a Dependent and Independent Probate Administration?

Published on: August 14, 2023 | By David W. Miller

In thinking through the probate process, there are various nuances and procedures that are important to keep in mind. One term that you might hear while undergoing probate is “dependent administration” vs. “independent administration.” While there are similarities between dependent and independent administration, it is also important to know the difference between the two as you prepare to complete the probate process.

What is Independent Administration?

As we have discussed previously on our blog, the executor of an estate is the person in charge of setting a decedent’s estate. In Texas, independent administration allows an estate’s executor to have minimal court supervision during the probate process. This kind of administration is only allowed if the descendent named a specific executor in his or her will, or if all of the estate’s beneficiaries agree to a specific executor.

When one of these two conditions is met, the court is then minimally involved in the probate process. Typically, all that needs to happen for probate to move forward is that the judge must approve the list of assets in the decedent’s estate. The estate’s executor can then distribute the assets from there.