Trusts

How Trusts Work in Estate Planning for Regular People

Published on: March 18, 2019 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

You’ve heard the expression “trust fund babies.” However, trusts are not just for the wealthy. They have a number of uses in estate planning and can be helpful at any asset level.

The reality of our own mortality keeps some of us up at night. For others, it’s a disturbing thought that is easily brushed aside. Whichever group you belong to, you need to have an estate plan in place. This is the only way that you can have any say in how your assets are distributed after you pass. Without an estate plan, your family will be subjected to much more stress and financial strain. One part of an estate plan is a trust.

Barron’s recent article, “Why a Trust Is a Great Estate-Planning Tool — Even if You’re Not Rich,” explains that there are many types of trusts, but the most frequently used for these purposes is a revocable living trust. This trust allows you—the grantor—to specify exactly how your estate will be distributed to your beneficiaries when you die, and at the same time avoiding probate and stress for your loved ones.

How Do Trust Funds Work?

Published on: December 26, 2018 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

Trusts serve a variety of functions in estate planning, and they aren’t just for wealthy people.

Trusts can be simple, or they can be complex, depending on what type of trust is being considered and how they are structured. Trusts should be set up by an estate planning attorney, who is familiar with asset ownership and how trusts impact inheritances and taxes.

U.S. News & World Report’s recent article, “Setting Up a Trust Fund,” explains that a trust fund refers to a fund made up of assets, like stocks, cash, real estate, mutual bonds, collectibles, or even a business, that are distributed after a death. The person setting up a trust fund is called the grantor, and the person, people or organization(s) receiving the assets are known as the beneficiaries. The person the grantor names to ensure that his or her wishes are carried out is the trustee.

Living Trusts and Trustees: What You Need to Know

Published on: October 18, 2017 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

For living trusts, the person or people who set them up are usually named the initial trustees, but after that, there needs to be a successor trustee. Think carefully about who you would want to take on these responsibilities.

When the first spouse dies, the surviving spouse usually becomes the sole trustee, according to the article, “Women on Money and Mindset: Estate planning: choosing a trustee,” in The (Riverside CA) Press-Enterprise. When the second spouse dies, the trust passes to a successor trustee or trustees. Most people name an adult child, trusted friend or a family member who they trust. You can also name a bank or a professional fiduciary.

Children: Married couples often will name their oldest child as the successor trustee or they name all their children to act as co-trustees. This can work if there’s never been a divorce; there is only one child; she lives close; she doesn’t work and all the assets are investment accounts. However, most adult children will have full-time jobs. Adding the job of trustee can be a strain because it’s time-consuming and technical. The administrative burden of taking care of your final business can be overwhelming.

How Does a Living Trust Work?

Published on: August 11, 2017 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

Living trusts can achieve different goals, depending upon how they are drafted. Knowing the fundamentals will help you decide how to go forward.

It’s important to know that not all living trusts are the same. However, common reasons for using a living trust are for privacy and avoiding probate. Placing assets in a living trust also provides protection to beneficiaries from divorce, nursing home costs, legal actions and creditors. Should a living trust be part of your estate plan?

The Green Bay Press-Gazette’s recent article, “Common questions about a living trust,” notes that this can be especially important for a beneficiary who may have special needs. A Special Needs Trust can be created so their government program benefits, like Medicaid, won’t be impacted by their inheritance. Let’s look at some specific situations:

Can an Estate Plan Protect an Adult Child with an Addiction or Mental Illness?

Published on: April 5, 2017 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

When all of your time is spent battling the challenges of mental illness or addiction, it’s hard to imagine what the future will bring. However, that’s exactly why estate planning is so important.

It’s not an easy issue to discuss with an estate planning attorney for the first time. However, if your children, minors or adults, suffer from mental illnesses or addiction to drugs, alcohol, gambling or any other form of addiction, the attorney will need to know so they can advise you properly. As described in Trust Advisor’s helpful article, “Hope For The Best, But Build Trusts For The Future Of Children With Special Challenges,” there are certain planning techniques that could be used in these situations.

Before diving in, estate planning requires a parent to acknowledge that an addicted son or daughter may never recover. With this in mind, estate planning must be done so that the child never has easy access to the funds. In this instance, a trust with special-purpose language may be a wise option.

Wrong Answers to Two Misconceptions about Estate Planning

Published on: April 3, 2017 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

The moment you become a parent, you need a will. The same is true once you acquire any kind of asset that you want to give to someone after you die. It’s really that simple.

The reasons why so many people don’t think they need a will fall into a number of different categories. However, the two biggest ones are described in an article appearing in the Pauls Valley Daily Democrat titled “More on estate planning myths.” Chances are good you’ve heard them before, but you may not have heard why they are plain old wrong. Here’s why:

“I’m young, so I don’t need a will.” This is not true. One of the most important parts of a will for a young couple, is a provision that designates a guardian—the person(s) who will care for their young children in the event of their mutual death. This is rare, although it does happen. To make matters worse, what if there’s a family fight for custody of your children? Make this selection so the court isn’t forced to select a guardian for your minor children if the event arises. A will can give you peace of mind concerning the care of your children.

Trusts: Not Always the Best Option

Published on: August 31, 2016 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

Trusts are not right for everyone, so they need to be fully explored before being created.

If someone says you need a trust as part of your estate plan, you should speak with an experienced estate planning attorney before moving forward. A recent post from NJ 101.5, “The disadvantages to trusts,” notes that there are situations when a trust is not the right planning tool.

Trusts can save on estate taxes but are typically subject to higher income tax rates than those of an individual taxpayer once the “grantor” (i.e., trustmaker) dies. Trusts have to pay income taxes on the income they generate by the assets they hold. Such irrevocable trusts hit the top bracket at a very low income threshold: $12,400 of taxable income in 2016. The top income tax bracket for an individual doesn’t happen until his or her income exceeds $415,050. Also, the additional 3.8% net investment income tax applies at low thresholds.

The Changing Role of Trusts in Estate Planning

Published on: July 27, 2016 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

A legislative change made the use of trusts less necessary for most Americans, but there are still many situations where this planning tool is the best option.

When the American Taxpayer Relief Act became law, the $5 million exemption and the new rules on portability of the exemption for married couples (i.e., $10 million per couple) became permanent. The tax rate on estates over that threshold, now $5.45 million per person, was bumped up to 40%. Many people who had created trusts to protect their descendents from estate taxes had cause to grumble because their trusts were no longer necessary, according to CNBC in “What's the difference between an inheritance and a trust?”

The estate tax now only affects about 0.2% of the population, translating to about 600,000 Americans. This was one of the big reasons why people set up trusts over the last 20 years…to avoid estate tax consequences. But trusts continue to have an important role in estate planning.

How One Family Preserved a Legacy and a Fortune for Six Generations

Published on: July 15, 2016 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

We often hear about families who squander fortune; we hear less about families that preserve their wealth and values over generations.

Successful entrepreneurs often struggle with estate planning when it comes to their children. Will knowledge of large inheritances to come create spoiled and unmotivated adults? How can wealth be shared across generations while fostering family values that include a strong work ethic and service to others? In a recent article appearing in Forbes, “The Successful Entrepreneur's Guide to Leaving a Financial Legacy That Won't Spoil Your Kids,” one family’s solution of passing along wealth and empowering generations of children is presented.

The family is one of the richest families in history: The Rockefellers. Their fortune is still going strong today—six generations later. They maintained their fortune by creating trusts to protect the family wealth. Trusts can have specific rules for determining how and when heirs are allowed to access money. This is the key to giving your children access to funds without eliminating their potential to achieve success on their own. Many times entrepreneurs fear leaving their children a large sum of money, but a trust lets you attach some strings.

When Life Throws You a Curve Ball, Be Prepared to Respond

Published on: June 17, 2016 | By McCulloch & Miller, PLLC

We never know what's around the corner. Big changes come in all different types. Best strategy: be prepared and deal with whatever comes.

Of those Americans who actually have a will and an estate plan in place, there's still a tendency to let years go by before they update their wills and finances. Any good Houston estate attorney will tell you that a will needs to be updated every three or four years to take advantages of any changes in the law and to address any life changes that occur.

The Middletown Transcript warns in "Game-changing life transitions that need attention" that sudden transitions need to be addressed immediately. However, many times these events will have more complex consequences impacting other parts of your life. Don't stick your head in the sand when such an issue comes up. Deal with it in the context of your overall life.